Shigella Vaccines Market – Dynamic Business Environment during 2018 – 2026
Shigella is a
gram-negative pathogenic enterobacteria that causes severe diarrhea
and dysentery in humans. Symptoms associated with Shigella infection
includes fever, stomach pain, tenesmus, watery diarrhea, vomiting,
dehydration, and convulsions. Various strains of Shigella are
encompassed, such as S. Dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S.
sonnei and S. boydii. Each species of
Shigella has different serotypes classified on the basis of the
structure of O-antigens repeats that are the polysaccharides moiety
of the lipopolysaccharide, a virulence factor consist of toxic lipid.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in
2013, the average annual incidence of shigellosis in the U.S. was
around 5 cases per 100,000 individuals. Bacillary dysentery with
brutal epidemics are caused by S. dysenteriae by the production of
shiga toxins whereas, the endemic form of disease is caused by the S.
flexneri and S. sonnei. The bacillary dysentery is accompanied with
fever, rectal inflammation, and abdominal cramps.
According to World
Health Organization (WHO), nearly one million people die from
Shigella infection annually. Moreover, the high incidence rate is
seen among children less than five years age, travelers, and military
personnel from industrialized economies. Shigella species have been
identified from centuries and it represents a major threat to public
health, due to non-availability of licensed vaccine and thus
affecting overall Shigella vaccines market.
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Developing vaccine
against Shigella infections is difficult, due to the diversity of
Shigella species and their serotypes. Shigella genome is continuously
modified by deletion and acquisition of genes mediated by the mobile
genetic elements, such as plasmids, insertion sequences, and
integrons. These modifications are the major foundation for the
generation of novel antibiotic resistant strains and it also leads to
the formation of novel Shigella serotype variants. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in April 2017, warned the
physicians and public health officials in the U.S. by stating that
the recent strains of Shigella bacteria shows the reduced
susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which is one of the main antibiotics
recommended by WHO for the treatment of shigellosis.
Joint
ventures and collaborations of major players to develop and
commercializes the vaccine are expected to propel the Shigella
vaccines market in near future
Joint ventures and
partnership of the players to develop and commercialize Shigella
vaccine is expected to provide momentum to the Shigella vaccines
market. For instance, in March 2017, Hilleman Laboratories, a
non-profit organization established with joint venture partnership
between Merck & Co., and Wellcome Trust has entered into an
agreement with National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Disease
(NICED) for the development and commercialization of vaccines against
Shigella by 2024. Besides, in June 2016, Immuron- an Australian
biopharmaceutical company entered into an agreement to produce
Shigella vaccine with the U.S Army’s biomedical research lab-Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR).
The new
research trial drives the Shigella vaccines market
The University Of
Maryland School Of Medicine (UM SOM) in August 2017 received US$ 2.47
Million grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID) to develop vaccine against Shigella and
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) for the treatment of
diarrheal disease. The researchers in the UM SOM’s Center for
Vaccine Development (CVD) have developed Shigella-ETEC prototype
vaccine, which has been tested in animals successfully. Moreover, the
latest funding helps to translate prototype to a human vaccine for
Phase 1 clinical trials.
The key players
present in the global shigella vaccines market include MSD Wellcome
Trust Hilleman Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Novartis (Novartis Vaccines
Institute for Global Health), and GlaxoSmithKline plc.
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Vaccines Market
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